The square pile is a type of deep foundation that's commonly used to support bridge structures and large projects, often made out of steel or concrete with either a square or circular cross section, typically constructed using hydraulic or diesel hammers and driven into the soil using special equipment like hydraulic jackhammers. They're ideal for use in soft clay conditions up to dense sand conditions.
Prestressed concrete foundations have long been popular, and with its development has come even greater effectiveness. This construction method uses pre-stressing to induce engineering stresses within concrete members before casting; then these stresses are counteracted by load forces such as tension. This creates stronger piles with increased durability that are resistant to bending or uplift forces.
Prestressed piles can be constructed two ways: pre-tensioning and post-tensioning. Pre-tensioning involves anchoring steel wires to an end of a metal form up to 120 meters long, using hydraulic jacks to stress them to desired levels, followed by setting side moulds around each wire and pouring concrete around it; once hardened, this grips along its entire length, transferring tension from hydraulic jacks onto concrete and grips along its length itself, creating tension transference from tension jacks onto it!
Once the concrete has set, the jacks can be taken down and driven piles driven into the ground using either a hydraulic or diesel hammer. This method works especially well when soil conditions do not permit use of spread footings or cast-in-place piles, as well as being useful in applications requiring stable yet compacted foundations such as retaining walls and other applications requiring stable footings.
Another benefit of this pile type is its ability to be manufactured with larger spans than traditional piles, providing for greater floor space and free parking or storage areas. Increased span also helps lower maintenance costs as there are fewer joints - which are the primary source of failure in concrete buildings - as a result. Furthermore, these piles are designed to withstand seismic loads, making them essential in earthquake zones. Pile caps can support heavier loads than other pile types and be constructed to withstand lateral pressure or uplift, making them the ideal solution for marine or water-based bridges. One potential drawback to using these piles is their extra steel reinforcement requirements, but this tradeoff should be made when building safe, reliable structures with economical costs. A steel surplus can be balanced out by using less concrete, which will decrease its weight and thus reducing costs associated with handling and transporting them. Furthermore, streamlining production processes helps save both time and money on projects; especially important when the piles must be constructed quickly or before weather changes take effect.